Collapsible carton periscope



Dec. 26, 1961 H. F. MILLER, JR

COLLAPSIBLE CARTON PERISCOPE 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 4, 1958 4 2 U;u 7 E m w n m M w M WW5 aw hilwm n 9:... u w. E H u INVENTOR. HAROLD F.MILLER, JR.

4 9 ATTORNEYS.

Dec. 26, 1961 H. F. MILLER, JR

COLLAPSIBLE CARTON PERISCOPE 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 4, 1958IlllllllrlllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllll INVENTOR.

HAROLD E MILLER, JR.

Dec. 26, 1961 E JR 3,014,408

COLLAPSIBLE CARTON PERISCOPE Filed June 4, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 g1 a a1 92 92 92 "3 1 5 FREE: 5] Q i INVENTOR.

HAROLD F. MILLER, JR.

3,614,408 CQLLAFSEBLE tCARTON PERISCGPE Harold F. Miller, .lr., 182Lyncroit Road,

New Rochelle, NX. Filed dune 4, 1958, Ser. No. 739,812 6 Claims. (Ql.Eid-dd) This invention relates to a collapsible carton for the packagingof merchandise and more particularly to a collapsible carton suitablefor being converted into a portable, telescopic, periscope.

An object of this invention is to provide a container for merchandise,that is easily converted into a portable periscope after the removal ofthe merchandise therein;

A further object of the present invention is to pro vide a container,destined for the retail consumer trade, that allows the user easyaccessibility to the contents of the container for removal of so much ofthe contents as desired.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a containerthat allows the retail purchaser to open and lock the container manytimes, retaining the neat, compact look of an unopened container.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a container thatallows easy locking of the container in its closed position after thecontents have been partially removed, thus protecting the remainingcontents against accidental spilling of its contents, and keeping outdirt or dust.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel cartonwhich is simple in construction and easy to form, and which is providedwith improved means for the placing of mirrors in accurately parallelposition for converting the empty container into a periscope.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a containereasily converted into a periscope requiring no special fastening meansfor securing the mirrors of the periscope in their correct position.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a cartonstructure convertible into a telescopic periscope from cardboard blanksadaptable to mass production, at relatively low cost.

Other and more detailed objects of the invention will be apparent fromthe following description of the embodiment thereof, illustrated in thedrawings which form a part hereof. In the drawings,

FIGURE 1 is a top plan view of a blank employed toform the inner sleeveof the container;

FIGURE 2 is a top plan view of a blank employed to form the outer sleeveof the container;

FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of the container in a partially assembledposition showing the top flap in a partially closed position;

3,id,ih3 Patented ec. 26, iQfil As is well understood in the art, thiscarton can be made of any suitable material available for this purposeincluding various types and grades of cardboard.

The illustrated embodiment as disclosed in FIGURES 1 through 5, is madefrom blanks shown generally at it and 11, which when assembled providethe inner and outer sleeves of the container respectively. Blank it? isscored or otherwise provided with fold lines 12 which divide the blanklongitudinally into four panels l3, l4, l5 and lid, with panels 13 and15 having the same width and similarly panels 14 and 16 having the samewidth. On the longitudinal free end of panel 13, and defined by a scoreline 29, is a flap 17. At the bottom of panel 14, and defined by a scoreline 18 is a flap 19. On the top end of panel 14 and defined by a scoreline 21 is an elongated flap 22, divided into two sections 23 and 24 bya score line 26. Section 23 of flap 22 forms the top of the containerand has a length substantially equal to the width of side panels 13 and15. Section 24 of flap 22 forms the mirror support and has a mirror 25attached thereto. At the outermost edge of flap 22, and defined by ascore line 27, is a sub-flap 28 having tabs 2% and 31 at opposite edges.Tabs 29 and 31 are foldable along score lines 32 and 33 respectively.Panel 16 is formed with a perforated line 34 at its upper end enclosinga substantially rectangular area. The material within the perforatedline 34 can be easily detached, leaving an aperture 34a therein. Belowperforated line 34 panel 16 has two diagonal slits therein, 36 and 37,converging downwardly for a purpose to be described later.

The outer sleeve of the carton is formed from blank 11 shown in FIGURE2. Blank i1 is substantially similar in all respects as blank iii inFIGURE 1, except that it does not have bottom flap l9 and that blank 11is about of an inch larger in every dimension than the blank inFIGURE 1. The same numerals are used in FIG- URE 2 as in FIGURE 1 todesignate similar parts, except the numerals in FIGURE 2 are primed.

To assemble the inner sleeve blank it? is folded along the longitudinalscore linesiZ to form a rectangular elongated housing and fiap 17underlying the area adjacent the longitudinal edge of panel is glued orotherwise secured thereto. Extending flap 22 is folded inwardly alongscore line 21 to provide a cover for the rectangular housing. Flap 22 isfolded inwardly until section 23 of iiap ZZ is at right angles to panelsl3, l4, l5 and 16.

The mirror supporting flap 24 of flap 22 is further incovers theperforated line 34 and tab ends 2-9 and 31 FIGURE 4 shows a crosssection of the assembled container having merchandise therein;

FIGURE 5 shows the empty container assembled for use as a telescopicperiscope;

FIGURE 6 is a top plan view of the blank employed to form the innersleeve of another embodiment of the invention;

FIGURE 7 is a top plan view of the blank employed to form the outersleeve of this embodiment;

FIGURE 8 is a plan view of a mirror unit used with interfit with slots37 and 3d respectively for anchoring flap 22 in position, as shown inFIG. 3. It should be noted that in the assembled position the exposedsurface of mirror 25 abuts the outer face of the sleeve and is protectedagainst any but the most severe direct blows.

The outer sleeve 11 is partially assembled. Blank 11 is folded alonglongitudinal score lines 12 to form a rectangular housing and flap1'7'underlying the longitudinal edge of panel 16' is glued or otherwisesecured thereto.

The inner sleeve of the container is tilled with the material it is tohold. If the merchandise is food or powdery material, it may bedesirable to enclose it first within a wax or inner seal bag. When thedesired amount of material is placed therein, the inner sleeve isslidably received into the non-mirror end of the outer sleeve partiallyformed from blank 11, being certain that the mirrors are placed onopposite sides from one another asshown best in FIGURE 4. When the innersleeve is fully inserted within the outer sleeve, flap 19 is on theinner sleeve bent outwardly substantially 180 degrees, along score line18 over upper edge 41) of panel 16 of the outer sleeve, so that the faceof flap 19 is juxtaposed to the upper portion of front face 16' as bestseen in FIG- URE 4. When folded in this position flap 19 anchors theinner sleeve to the outer sleeve preventing the inner sleeve fromsliding out until released. Flap 22' is then bent inwardly along scoreline 21' about 90, so that portion 23 covers the free end of thecontainer. The mirror portion 24' of flap 22' is bent inwardly alongscore line 26 juxtapositioning the mirror 25' to the perforatedrectangular outline 34 on the outer face of panel 16'. Tab ends 29' and31 are interfitted with slots 37' and 36' respectively, anchoring flap22 and securing the two sleeves against relative movement with respectto each other.

As shown in FIG. 4 the container can be used with any number ofdifferent products carrying them in the same manner. The containerallows easy accessibility to the contents, and allows the container tobe reused many times if the contents are only partially used. Thecontainer always presents a neat appearance.

After the contents have been removed, tab 19 is swung back 180 to itsoriginal position and the inner sleeve is removed from the outer sleeve.Tab 19 is again folded outwardly 180 juxtapositioning its outer face tothe outer face of panel 14. The end of the inner sleeve with tab 19attached is slidably received into the non-mirror end of the outersleeve of the carton having mirrors arranged on opposite sides as shownin FIGURE 5. Flap 19 acts as a tensioning wedge to increase the frictionbetween the inner and outer sleeves, preventing any relative movement toone another once the sleeves have been positioned by the user. Therectangular perforations 34 and 34 are on opposite sides. The materialenclosed by the perforated lines 34 and 34 is removed by gently tearingalong the perforations, so that apertures 34a are formed therein.

To correctly position the mirror 25, the flap 22 is bent inwardly 96degrees along score line 21 as previously described, until section 23 offlap 22 covers the opening of the container. The mirror supporting flap24 is bent upwardly along score line 26 forming an acute angle to theouter face of section 23 of flap 22. The edge formed by score line 25 ispushed past the top edge 46 of panel 16 and section 23 of flap 22 ispivoted inwardly about score line 21 until the inner face of section 23is juxtaposed to the inner top portion of panel 14, and the edge formedby score line 27 rests against the top edge of panel 16, with flap 24extending beyond edge 37 of panel 16, as best shown in FIGURE 5. Mirror25 rests at a 45 angle to panel 16 due to the mirror being thehypotenuse of a right angle, isosceles triangle. Mirror 25, mounted inthe 45 position shown in FIGURE faces the rectangular aperture in panel16. Mirror is similarly positioned in the outer sleeve substantially asdescribed above.

When the periscope is assembled the viewer holds the periscope in asubstantially vertical position and looks through the lower aperture asindicated by the arrow in FIGURE 5, whereby he observes imagestransmitted by the mirrors 25 and 25', The height of the periscope canbe varied easily when desired, by sliding the sleeves relative to oneanother permitting the viewer to look over relatively high obstructionssuch as at parades or other public events.

Referring now to FIGURES 6 through 11, there is shown another form ofthis invention. Blank 86 is the inner sleeve of the carton, and consistsof four connected panels, 87, 88, 89 and 91, which are defined by scorelines 92. Panel 87 is formed with a pair of perforated circular lines 93near its lower end with the centers of the circles one lineperpendicular to score line 92. When are a pair of substantiallyparallel slits 97 and 98. Slits 97 and 9S taper inwardly at their endsin panel 87. Between slits 97 and 98, and parallel to score line 94 area series of score lines 99, 101 and 102. Score line 99 joins the lowerends and score line 102 joins the upper ends respectively of slits 97and 98 as shown in FIGURE 6. On the lower end of panel 88 and defined byscore line 1113 is a flap 104 having a notch 16% cut out from the outercorner adjacent flap 96. Panel 38 is formed with perforated lines 106enclosing a narrow elongated shape running diagonally upward from thelower corner abutting panel 87. The center line of the elongated shapeenclosed by line 106 is at an angle of 45 to the score line 1103. Panel91 is formed with a perforated line 107 having a similar shape as line106, but oppositely faced. The perforations 196 and 107 are such a typethat they can be easily pushed out by hand forming elongated apertures1136a and 107a respectively for a purpose to be described later. On thelower end of panel 89 and defined by a score line 108 is a flap 111having a rectangular shaped notch 110 out from the unattached end. Cut110 is slightly larger than the distance between slits 97 and 98 and ispositioned similarly along the edge of flap 111 as slits 97 and 98 arealong flap 96. On the lower end of panel 91 and defined by a score line109 is a flap 112 having a rectangular notch 115 cut from its corner asshown in FIGURE 6. On the longitudinal end of panel 91 and defined by ascore line 113 is a flap 114.

The blank of the outer sleeve of this embodiment is shown in FIGURE 7,and indicated generally at 116, and consists of four connected panels117, 118, 119 and 121 which are defined by score lines 122. Thedimensions of blank 116 are of an inch larger in every dimension overblank 86. On the lower end of panels 117, 118, 119 and 121, and definedby a score line 123, are blanks 126, 127, 128, and 129 respectively, andsimilarly on the upper end of these panels and defined by a score line124 are flaps 131, 132, 133 and 134 respectively. Panel 118 is formedwith a perforated line 136 enclosing a narrow elongated area runningdiagonally downward from the upper corner abutting panel 119. Theperforations allow easy removal by hand pressure of the enclosedmaterial providing an elongated aperture 136a. The central line of theelongated area lies at a 45 angle from score line 124. Similarly panel121 has a perforated line 137 enclosing an elongated area substantiallysimilar to 136, except that it is oppositely faced therefrom. Panel 119is formed at its upper end with perforated line 138 enclosing asubstantially rectangular area. The perforations allow easy removal ofthe material enclosed by line 138 forming a large rectangular aperture138a. Along the longitudinal free side of panel 121 and defined by scoreline 138 is a flap 139.

To assemble the inner sleeve of the carton, blank 86 is folded alongscore lines 92 to form a rectangular housmg. Flap 114 underlays the areaadjacent the longitudinal edge of panel 87 and is secured thereto by anadhesive or other securing means. Flaps 104 and 112 are folded inwardlysubstantially 90 along score lines 163 and 109 respectively, so thatthey lie at right angles to their respective panels. Similarly, flaps 96and 111 are folded inwardly substantially 90 along score lines 94 and108 respectively in a manner that flap 96 overlays a flap 111 and flap96 is secured thereto, by adhesive or other means.

For assembling the outer sleeve, blank 116 is folded along .score lines122 and flap 139 underlies the longitudinal edge of panel 117, and isglued or otherwise secured thereto. Flaps 132 and 134 are bent inwardlyabout 90 along score line 124 so that they are at right angles to panels118 and 121 respectively. Similarly, flaps 131 and 133 are foldedinwardly along score line 124, in such a manner that flap 133 underliesflap 131 and the two flaps are secured thereto.

A generally rectangular mirror 141 is attached to a sup- AM a port 142.Support 142 may be of the same material used for the carton and has thesame width as the length of the elongated slots 106, M7, or 136, 137. Atopposite ends of mirror support 142 and defined by score lines 143 and144 are flaps 146 and 147 respectively having preferably pressuresensitive adhesive material thereon suitably protected. Flaps 14s andlid-7 have their corners beveled as seen in FIGURE 8. Two mirror unitsare required for each periscope. For ease of manufacturing andassembling slots 166, N7, 136 and 137 have the same length, thusallowing the mirror units to be similar.

The contents that the carton is to hold is placed in the inner sleeveassembled from blank 86, together with two flat mirror units, as shownin FlGUREll. The inner sleeve is slidably received by the open end ofthe outer sleeve partially assembled from blank 87. When the innersleeve is fully within the outer sleeve, the bottom fiaps 127, 128, 126and 129 of the outer sleeve are folded inwardly in a mannersubstantially similar to that described above for the flaps 131, 132,133 and 134, except that flaps 126 and 128 are secured in such a manneras to allow easy opening in a manner known to the art. In general,suitable directions placed on the outer flap 126 instruct the user thatthis end of the container should be opened only.

In order to remove the contents the user will separate carefully flaps126, 127, of the outer sleeve, slide out the inner sleeve and use thecontents as desired. After all the contents have been removed, togetherwith'the two mirror units, the opened flaps'lZ, 127, 128 and $.29 of theouter sleeve are folded inwardly about score line 123 so that theirrespective inner faces abut the inner face of the panel that they areattached to. The open end of the inner sleeve formed from blank 86 isslidably received into the open end of the outer sleeve with its flapsfolded inwardly. The folding back of flaps 126,127, 128 and 129 createssufiicient friction between the two sleeve sections to hold them in anydesired position relative to each other. The material within theelongated, perforated lines 106, 107, 136 and 137 are removed as well asthe material within the circular perforated lines 93, forming the eyeholes 930. Similarly a rectangular aperture 138a is formed by removingthe material within the rectangular perforated line 138 in the outersleeve.

Mirror support 142 is slidably received in the elongated slots Hide and1657a in such a manner that the mirror 141 faces eye holes 93a as shownin Figure 9. In a similar manner mirror support is received by slots135, 137, with the mirror facing the rectangular aperture 138a. Withmirror supports M2 positioned in the slots 135a and 137a respectivelyflaps 14-6 and 147 are bent along score lines 143 and 144 respectively.The material protecting the contact adhesive on the flaps 146 and 1 37is removed and the flaps secured to the side of their respective sleevesby pressure. In a similar manner mirror 141 is positioned in slot 136aand 13% facing rectangular aperture 138a in the outer sleeve as shown inFIGURE 10. An inward pressure is exerted along the fold line 94 betweenthe elongated slits 97 and d8 forming a space for receiving the nose ofthe user as shown best in FIGURE 9. The nose piece projects into theinterior of the sleeve into the space provided by the notches 109, 116and 115.

A novel structure is disclosed that achieves dual purposes. It providesa strong, durable container for merchandise to be sold therein as Wellas providing a novel collapsible telescopic periscope obtainable fromthe empty carton. The entire volume of the container is usable forreceiving mechandise and yet the mirrors used to convert the emptycontainer into a periscope are easily and accurately placed in such asimple manner that small children could set up the periscopic telescope.If it is desired to forego the telescopic feature of the periscope, thecontainer can be made from a single blank combining the featuresdescribed above.

From the above description it will be seen that those skilled in the artcan provide specifications which are within the scope of the subjectmatter as disclosed, and for this reason protection is provided by thescope of the claims as distinguished from the scope of a singleembodiment herein disclosed.

What is claimed is:

l. A tubular container of rectangular cross-section when erected andconverting into a periscope structure comprising an inner and outersleeve, having the inner sleeve telescopically received by the outersleeve, each sleeve having four elongated walls interconnected by foldlines, a flap foldable inwardly from one end edge of said inner sleeve,another flap foldable inwardly from one end edge of said outer sleeve,each of said flaps having an end closing section and a mirror supportingsection adjacent said end closing section, means for securing said firstmentioned flap to said wall of said inner sleeve opposite said wallattached to said second flap, means for securing said mentioned flap tosaid wall of said outersleeve opposite said wall attached to said flap,whereby said respective ends of said sleeves are closed, each of saidflaps adapted to be pivoted through the opening of said respectivesleeves for juxtapositioning the end covering section of said flap tothe adjacent inner surface of said wall to which said flap is attachedand resting the edge of said mirror supporting section of said flapadjacent the end edge of said opposite wall so that the mirrorsupporting section of each flap is at a 45 degree angle to said wall towhich said flap is attached, said wall of said outer sleeve oppositesaid flap connected wall having an area adapted to be removed forforming an aperture adjacent the same end as said flap, said wall ofsaid inner sleeve opposite to said flap connected wall having an areaadapted to be removed forming an aperture adjacent the same end as saidflap, means for anchoring said inner sleeve to said outer sleeve uponsaid inner sleeve being fully inserted therein, and means cooperatingwith said sleeves for frictionally holding said sleeves in operativeposition when telescopically received for use as a periscope.

2. A tubular container of rectangular cross-section when erected andconverting into a periscopic structure comprising an inner and outersleeve with said inner sleeve telescopically received by said outersleeve, each sleeve having four elongated walls interconnected by foldlines,

a flap foldable inwardly from one end of said inner sleeve and overlyingsaid end for closing one end of said inner sleeve, each wall of a pairof alternate walls of said inner sleeve having an elongated narrow areato be removed for forming slots therein adjacent the same end as saidflap with the center line of each of said elongated areas on a linesubstantially 45 degrees to an edge of its respective wall and parallelto each other in the containers open condition, the remaining wall ofsaid inner sleeve which has its fold line adjacent the portion of saidelongated area closest the flap end of said sleeve having an areaadapted to be removed for forming an aperture adjacent the same end assaid flap, a flap foldable inwardly from one end edge of said outersleeve and overlying said end for closing said end, another flapfoldable inwardly from an edge at the opposite end of said outer sleeveand overlying said opposite end for closing said end, each wall of apair of alternate walls of said outer sleeve having an elongated narrowarea to be removed for forming slots therein adjacent one end thereofwith the center line of each of said narrow areas on a linesubstantially 45 degrees to an edge of its respective wall and parallelto each other in the containers opened condition, the remaining wall ofsaid outer sleeve which has its fold line adjacent the portion of saidelongated area closest to the end having an area adapted to be removedfor forming an aperture therein adjacent the same end as saidelongatedarea, a mirror support adapted to be received by each of saidpair of elongated slots upon removal of the material of the area, amirror attached to said mirror support, and means cooperating with saidsleeves for frictionally holding said 7 sleeves in operative positionwhen telescopically received for use as a periscope.

3. A tubular container of rectangular cross-section when erected,adapted to be converted into a telescopic structure comprising an innerand outer sleeve with said inner sleeve telescopically received by saidouter sleeve, each sleeve having four elongated sections arranged inside-by-side abutting relation and interconnected by fold lines alongtheir longitudinal edges, means securing the non-abutting longitudinaledges of the outermost sections together to form said open-endedrectangular tube, a flap foldable inwardly from one end of said innersleeve and overlying said end for closing said one end of said innersleeve, each of a pair of alternate sections of said inner sleeve havingan elongated narrow area adapted to be removed for forming slots thereinadjacent the same end as said flap with the center line of each of saidelongated areas lying substantially 45 to a respective longitudinal foldline and parallel to each other in the containers open condition, theremaining section of said inner sleeve which has one of its fold linesadjacent the portion of said elongated area closest the flap end of saidinner sleeve having an area adapted to be removed for forming a viewingaperture therein adjacent the same end as said flap, a flap foldableinwardly from one end edge of said outer sleeve and overlying said endfor closing said end, another flap foldable inwardly from an edge at theopposite end of said outer sleeve and overlying said opposite end forclosing said end, each of a pair of alternate sections of said outersleeve having an elongated narrow area to be removed for forming slotstherein adjacent one end thereof with the center line of each of saidnarrow elongated areas lying substantially 45 to a longitudinal foldline and parallel to each other in the containers opened condition, theremaining section of said outer sleeve which has one of its fold linesadjacent the portion of said elongated areas closest to an end having anarea adapted to be removed for forming an aperture therein adjacent thesame end as said elongated areas, a pair of mirror supports each adaptedto be received by one of said pairs of elongated slots upon removal ofeach of said elongated areas, a mirror centrally attached to saidsupport and facing said viewing aperture, and means cooperating withsaid sleeves for frictionally holding said sleeves in telescopicallyoperative position for use as a periscope.

4. A container as in claim 3, wherein each of said mirror supports issubstantially rectangular in shape having a pair of fold lines dividingsaid mirror support into three areas with the center area havingsubstantially the same length as the outer dimensions of said container,so that upon said mirror support being received by each of said pair ofelongated slots the central area of said mirror support is interiorlydisposed within said container between said sections in which saidelongated slots lie and upon the outer sections of said mirror supportbeing folded substantially 90 along the fold lines said mirror supportis locked in position.

5. A container as in claim 4, wherein said end portions of each of saidmirror supports having pressure-sensitive sticking means on the endareas for fixedly securing said mirror support in said sleeves upon saidend portions of 8 said mirror support being folded substantially alongsaid fold lines.

6. A container of rectangular cross-section when erected adapted to beconverted into a per-iscope structure comprising an inner and outersleeve with said inner sleeve telescopically received by said outersleeve, each sleeve having four elongated sections interconnected byfold lines along their abutting longitudinal edges, a flap foldableinwardly from one end of said inner sleeve and overlying said end forclosing one end of said inner sleeve, each of a pair of alternatesections of said inner sleeve having an elongated narrow slot thereinadjacent one end of said inner sleeve with the center line of each ofsaid slots lying substantially 45 to a longitudinal fold line andparallel to each other in the containers open condition, the remainingsection of said inner sleeve which has its fold line adjacent theportion of said elongated aperture closest an end of said inner sleevehaving a pair of spaced apart circular apertures therein, said pair ofcircular apertures having their centers in a plane transverse to alongitudinal fold line and passing through substantially the midpoint ofsaid elongated slots, a flap foldable along a score line inwardly fromthe edge of said last mentioned section at the same end as saidelongated slots, a pair of spaced apart tapered slits centrally disposedbetween the longitudinal fold lines of said last mentioned sectionadjacent the flap edge and continuing across said score line into saidfiap, whereby said area between said slits can be displaced to make anaperture to receive the nose of the viewer, a flap foldable inwardlyfrom one end edge of said outer sleeve and overlying said end forclosing said end, another flap foldable inwardly from an edge at theopposite end of said outer sleeve and overlying said opposite end forclosing said end, each of an alternate pair of sections of said outersleeve having an elongated narrow area to be removed for forming slotstherein and adjacent one end thereof with the center line of each ofsaid narrow areas on a line substantially 45 to an edge of itsrespective wall and parallel to each other in containers openedcondition, the remaining section of said outer sleeve which has its foldline adjacent the portion of said elongated area closest to the endhaving an area adapted to be removed for forming a sight aperturetherein adjacent the same end as said elongated areas, a pair of mirrorsupports, each adapted to be received and retained by each of said pairsof elongated slots upon removal of the respective areas, a mirrorcentrally attached to said mirror support, means cooperating with saidsleeves for frictionaily holding said sleeves in telescopicallyoperative position for use as a periscope.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS656,496 Appleton Aug. 21, 1900 2,155,164 Harris Apr. 18, 1939 2,426,911Williamson Sept. 2, 1947 2,635,506 Chairnson Apr. 21, 1953 FOREIGNPATENTS 653,549 France Nov. 9, 1928 534,542 Belgium Jan. 15, 1955

